During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, when electrons are lost from the reaction center at PS II, what is the source which replaces these electrons?
1. | Oxygen | 2. | Water |
3. | Carbon dioxide | 4. | Light |
1. | glucose is completely oxidized under aerobic conditions |
2. | carbon dioxide is produced |
3. | about 70 percent of energy trapped in glucose is released |
4. | NADH + H+ is reoxidized to NAD+ |
Fermentation regenerates:
1.
2.
3. acetyl-CoA
4. ATP
In aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is actually directly used only by:
1. Glycolysis
2. Oxidation of pyruvate
3. Kreb’s cycle
4. Electron transport
First action spectrum of photosynthesis was described by:
1. Joseph Priestley
2. T. W. Engelmann
3. Robin Hill
4. C. B. van Neil
The number of substrate level of phosphorylations in one turn of citric acid cycle is:
1. | One | 2. | Two |
3. | Three | 4. | Four |
In the electron transport system in the mitochondria, oxygen acts as a:
I. final acceptor of electrons
II. final acceptor of protons
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
The three boxes in this diagram represent the three major biosynthetic pathways in aerobic respiration. Arrows represent net reactants or products.
Arrows numbered 4, 8, and 12 can all be:
1. | ATP | 2. | A2O |
3. | FAD+ or FADH2 | 4. | NADH |
Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is the primary acceptor in
1. -plants
2. -plants
3. -plants
4. and -plants
COLUMN I |
COLUMN II | ||
A | Primary acceptor of carbon dioxide | P | RuBP |
B | Cells in which Calvin cycle takes place | Q | PEP |
C | Primary carbon dioxide fixation product | R | Bundle sheath |
D | Example | S | Mesophyll |
T | PGA | ||
U | OAA | ||
V | Sorghum | ||
W | Wheat |
A | B | C | D | |
1. | Q | S | U | V |
2. | P | S | T | W |
3. | Q | R | U | V |
4. | P | R | T | W |
When oxygen is not available to a cell, NADH formed during glycolysis:
1. | does not undergo any change as there is no need for the cell to regenerate NAD+ |
2. | passes electrons to the electron transport system |
3. | passes hydrogen atoms to pyruvic acid |
4. | passes electrons and hydrogen atoms to acetyl coA |
You add a water-soluble inhibitor of photosynthesis to the roots of a plant. The plant is actively transpiring. You are surprised that photosynthesis is not reduced. This is most likely due to:
1. Xylem vessels being dead at maturity
2. Inability of roots to take up water-soluble chemical
3. Endodermis
4. Transport of the inhibitor by phloem
Carbohydrates are commonly found as starch in plant storage organs. Which of the following five properties of starch (A-E) make it useful as a storage material?
A. Easily translocated
B. Chemically non-reactive
C. Easily digested by animals
D. Osmotically inactive
E. Synthesized during photosynthesis
The useful properties are
1. (B) and (C)
2. (B) and (D)
3. (A), (C) and (E)
4. (A) and (E)
Who, amongst the following, was the first scientist to discover that plants give off oxygen as a result of splitting water molecules during photosynthesis, not carbon dioxide molecules as thought before?
1. | C. B. Van Niel | 2. | T. W. Engelmann |
3. | Robert Hill | 4. | Jan Ingenhousz |
CAM plants:
1. fix carbon dioxide during the night into organic acids.
2. fix carbon dioxide into organic acids in the bundle-sheath cells during the day.
3. fix carbon dioxide into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells during the night.
4. use both photosystems I and II at night.
1. | There is a linear relationship between incident light and carbon dioxide fixation rates at low light intensities. |
2. | Current availability of carbon dioxide levels is limiting to the C4 plants. |
3. | C4 plants respond to higher temperatures and show higher rates of photosynthesis |
4. | Water stress causes the stomata to close, hence reducing the availability of carbon dioxide |
Consider the two statements:
I. A poison that inhibits an enzyme of the Calvin cycle will also inhibit light reactions.
II. The light reactions require ADP and NADP+ which would not be produced in sufficient quantities if the Calvin cycle stopped.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect
"Foolish seedling" disease of rice led to the discovery of:
1. GA
2. ABA
3. 2, 4-D
4. IAA
Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones [page 311; para 3]. Each coxal bone articulates with:
A. Sacrum
B. Head of femur
C. Other coxal bone
1. | Only A | 2. | Only A and B |
3. | Only A and C | 4. | A, B and C |
Which one of the following growth regulators is known as "stress hormone" ?
1. Abscisic acid
2. Ethylene
3.
4. lndole acetic acid
An increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the blood would:
A: lead to an increase in the pH of CSF
B: stimulate respiration
1. | Only A | 2. | Only B |
3. | Both A and B | 4. | Neither A nor B |
How does pruning help in making the hedge dense?
1. | It includes the differentiation of new shoots from the rootstock |
2. | It frees axillary buds from apical dominance |
3. | The apical shoot grows faster after pruning |
4. | It releases wound hormones |
Dwarfism can be caused by the deficiency, during childhood, of:
I. | Growth hormone |
II. | Thyroid hormones |
1. | Only I and the dwarf will have normal mental development |
2. | Only II and the dwarf will also be mentally retarded |
3. | Both I and II and in both cases the mental development will be affected |
4. | Both I and II and mental development will be effected only in II. |
The typical growth curve in plants is:
Potassium ions:
I: | are filtered at the glomerulus |
II: | are reabsorbed at the PCT |
III: | are secreted at DCT |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
|
Type of synovial joint |
Example |
1. |
Gliding |
Between carpals and radius |
2. |
Pivot |
Atlanto-axial |
3. |
Saddle |
Between carpal and metacarpal of thumb |
4. |
Hinge |
Knee |
Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has:
1. | both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma |
2. | both A and B antibodies in the plasma |
3. | no antigen on RBC and no antigens in the plasma |
4. | both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies |
T waves on an ECG represent
1. depolarization of the ventricles.
2. repolarization of the ventricles.
3. depolarization of the atria.
4. repolarization of the atria.
Consider the two statements:
I. ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis.
II. ADH and RAAS work antagonistically; ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration and RAAS removal of water when it is in excess in body fluids.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. Only I is correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Which cells are the rarest leukocytes?
1. monocytes
2. basophils
3. eosinophils
4. lymphocytes
Which of the following values is not equal? [Page 272]
1. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in deoxygenated blood and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in tissues
2. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in oxygenated blood and partial pressure of oxygen in tissues
3. Partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated blood and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli
4. Partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli and partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood pumped by left ventricle
Overlap between actin and myosin myofilaments in a sarcomere is seen in:?
1. A band
2. H zone
3. I band
4. M line
All the components of the nodal tissue are autoexcitable. Why does the SA node act as the normal pacemaker?
1. | SA node has the lowest rate of depolarisation |
2. | SA node is the only component to generate the threshold potential. |
3. | Only SA node can convey the action potential to the other |
4. | SA node has the highest rate of depolarisation. |
The binding of Hb to oxygen is primarily related to
1. Partial pressure of oxygen
2. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
3. Hydrogen ion concentration
4. Temperature
The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron in the human kidney is lined with:
1. Simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
2. Simple columnar brush bordered epithelium
3. Transitional epithelium
4. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
Consider the following statements:
I: | Myaesthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction. |
II: | Muscular dystrophy is a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles mostly due to genetic disorder. |
III: | Tetany is rapid spasms in muscle due to high Ca++ in body fluid. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II, and III
The type of synovial joint seen at the carpal and the metacarpal of thumb is called as:
1. Gliding or plane joint
2. Pivot joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Condyloid joint
The maximum amount of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration is called as:
1. Expiratory capacity
2. Expiratory reserve volume
3. Functional residual capacity
4. Vital capacity
Consider the following statements:
I: | 70% of ventricular filling is due to the passive opening of AV valves. |
II: | Lub is caused by the simultaneous closure of both AV valves. |
III: | Dub is caused by simultaneous closure of both the semilunar valves. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |
Contraction of the diaphragm:
1. increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in dorso-ventral axis.
2. increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in antero-posterior axis.
3. decreases the volume of the thoracic chamber in dorso-ventral axis.
4. decreases the volume of the thoracic chamber in antero-posterior axis.
Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in
1. birds and annelids
2. amphibians and reptiles
3. insects and amphibians
4. reptiles and birds
Which part of the nephrons is impermeable to water?
1. Proximal convoluted tubule
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
4. Descending limb of loop of Henle
Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function:
1. | Oxytocin- posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands. |
2. | Melatonin- pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle. |
3. | Progesterone- corpus-luteum, stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs. |
4. | Atrial natriuretic factor- ventricular wall increases blood pressure. |
Each time the sodium-potassium pump works, it transports:
1. three sodium ions to the outside and brings two potassium ions to the inside
2. two sodium ions to the outside and brings three potassium ions to the inside
3. three potassium ions to the outside and brings two sodium ions to the inside
4. two potassium ions to the outside and brings two potassium ions to the inside
The body's circadian rhythm is primarily regulated by:
1. thymus
2. pineal
3. thyroid
4. pituitary
Identify the incorrect match:
1. | Reticular formation | Gatekeeper to consciousness |
2. | Thalamus | Major relay centre in diencephalon for messages to the cortex |
3. | Superior colliculi | Part of limbic system for emotional behaviour |
4. | Pons | Part of hindbrain having nuclei for control of breathing rate |
Which of the following is an accumulation and release centre of neurohormones?
1. Posterior pituitary lobe
2. Intermediate lobe of the pituitary
3. Hypothalamus
4. Anterior pituitary lobe
What would not be true for steroid hormones like corticosteroids?
1. Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
2. Steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus.
3. Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
4. The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.
The brain stem does not include:
1. medulla
2. pons
3. midbrain
4. cerebral cortex
I: | When a neuron is not conducting any impulse, i.e., resting, the axonal membrane is comparatively more permeable to potassium ions (K+ ) and nearly impermeable to sodium ions (Na+). |
II: | Similarly, the membrane is permeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. |