Breathing & Exchange of Gases - Live Session - NEET & AIIMS 2019Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718Breathing & Exchange of Gases - Live Session - NEET & AIIMS 2019Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718A healthy young man has a resting tidal volume 0of 500 ml and an anatomic dead
space of 150 ml. His breathing rate is 10 breaths/minute. He has a total lung capacity
of 6000ml, and a residual volume of 1000ml. Which of the following statements is
correct?
1. His alvrolar ventilation would be 5 L/minute
2. Doubling the breathing rate would double his alveolar ventilation
3. Doubling the depth of respiration (tidal volum5. would double his alveolar
ventilation
4. His vital capacity is 5500ml
The amount of oxygen that leaves the hemoglobin and enters the tissues in a person at rest is approximately
1. 10%
2. 25%
3. 50%
4. 75%
The affinity of hemoglobin for is
1. Decreased in rapidly metabolizing tissues
2. Increased at higher than normal body temperatures
3. Increased at higher than normal blood, 2,3-DPG levels
4. Decreased at more basic than normal blood pH
The primary stimulus or stimuli for the respiratory center is/are ____________.
1. carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions
2. oxygen gas levels in the blood
3. oxygen gas levels in the hemoglobin
4. conscious feeling for the need for more oxygen
Any lung disease that reduces the forced expiratory volume (FEV), but does not significantly affect the vital capacity is categorized purely as a(n) ___________.
1. restrictive lung disorder
2. pulmonary fibrosis
3. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4. obstructive lung disorder
Which of the following changes does not occur when a fetus is delivered and begins to breathe on its own for the first time?
1. the rate of blood flow through pulmonary circulation decreases
2. the foramen ovale closes
3. the ductus arteriosus closes
4. the resistance to blood flow through the lung decreases
Lung surfactant is produced by __________
1. type I alveolar cells
2. type II alveolar cells
3. filtration from the alveolar capillaries
4. alveolar macrophages
What makes gills the most efficient of all respiratory systems?
1. the countercurrent flow of water over the gills
2. the blood within the gills
3. increasing the temperature of the blood to the gills
4. the countercurrent flow of water over the gills and the blood within the gills
When blood passes through the tissues, the hemoglobin in blood is better able to combine with carbon dioxide because of the
1. Bohr effect.
2. Haldane effect.
3. chloride shift.
4. Boyle effect.
5. Dalton effect.
At the end of normal inspiration, which of this pressure is the most negative?
1. alveolar
2. barometric
3. partial
4. pleural
The volume of air that is available for gas exchange each minute is the
1. minute ventilation.
2. anatomical dead air space.
3. physiological dead air space.
4. alveolar ventilation.
ln carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, CO binds to the heme of hemoglobin much easier
than oxygen. What effect will this have on the ability of the tissues to get oxygen?
1. More carbonic acid will be produced, and the hemoglobin will give up more oxygen
to the tissue.
2. Hemoglobin will bind to less oxygen, and hemoglobin will not release as much
oxygen to the tissue.
3. Carbon monoxide makes hemoglobin give up oxygen more readily in the tissues.
4. Carbon monoxide ties up hemoglobin's ability to bind to oxygen, but more
hemoglobin will be produced, so no decline in oxygen in the tissue will be noticed.
Which of the following result from the presence of free air in the pleural cavity?
1. pneumothorax and atelectasis
2. hydrothorax and hemothorax
3. empyema and emphysema
4. all of the above
Compared with the left primary bronchus, the right primary bronchus is
1. wider
2. longer
3. more horizontally oriented
4. all of the above
The C-shaped cartilages in the trachea
1. serve as a point of attachment for some muscles of expiration.
2. support muscular attachments to the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis.
3. prevent the trachea from collapsing.
4. attach the trachea to the esophagus posteriorly.
At the end of an unforced expiration
1. The pressure of the intrapleural cavity is the same as atmospheric pressure
2. The alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
3. The tendency for the lungs to recoil to an unstretched state is balanced by the tendency of the chest wall to expand
4. Alveolar pressure minus intrapleural pressure is zero
The ____________ makes it virtually impossible to voluntarily over-inflate the lungs.
1. apneustic center
2. Hering-Breuer reflex
3. hypercapnia
4. inspiratory neurons
The Bohr effect explains why
1. hemoglobin binds carbon monoxide more readily than oxygen
2. hemoglobin unloads its oxygen when it encounters low pH
3. diffusion occurs so slowly over long distances
4. oxygen is present in the atmosphere in relatively low concentrations
Given these lung volumes :
1. tidal volume = 500 mL
2. residual Volume = 1000 mL
3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
5. dead space = 1000 mL
The vital capacity is
1. 3000 mL.
2. 3500 mL.
4. 5000 mL.
5. 6000 mL.
The chloride shift
1. occurs primarily in pulmonary capillaries.
2. occurs when Cl-replace HCO3- within red blood cells.
3. decreases the formation of bicarbonate ions.
4. decreases the number of hydrogen ions.