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The pyrenoids are made up of
(1) Proteinaceous centre and starchy sheath
(2) Core of protein surrounded by fatty sheath
(3) Core of starch surrounded by sheath of protein
(4) Core of nucleic acid surrounded by protein sheath 

Consider the following features:
I. Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll c
II. Fucoxanthin
III. Floridean starch
IV. Flagella 2 in number, unequal and lateral
Which of these are seen in Phaeophyceae?
(1) I, II, III
(2) I, II, IV
(3) II, III, IV
(4) I, II, III, IV

The endosperm of a gymnosperm develops _______ fertilization, whereas the endosperm of an angiosperm develops _________ fertilization.
(1) before, before
(2) after, after
(3) after, before
(4) before, after

In Pinus,
I. The stem is branched
II. Roots have fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza
III. The male and female strobili are borne on different trees
Of the above statements:
(1) Only I is correct
(2) Only II is correct
(3) Only I and II are correct
(4) I, II and III are correct

Identify the incorrect statement:
1. The earliest systems of classification used only gross superficial morphological characters.
2. Linnaeus classification of plants was a natural classification as it was based on the androecium structure.
3. Artificial systems gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics.
4. Natural classification systems are based on natural affinities among the organisms

Identify the incorrect statement:

Identify the incorrect statement regarding algae:

What is not true for red algae?
1. Lack centriole and flagella
2. Accessory pigments include phycocyanin, phycoeythrin and allophycocyanin
3. They reproduce using alternation of generation
4. The stored food is floridean starch very similar to cellulose

Consider the following statements regarding bryophytes:
I. Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.
II. They play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks.
III. They lack true roots, stem or leaves.
IV. The sex organs in bryophytes are multicelluar.
V. They produce biflagellate zoospres.
VI. Archegonium is flask-shaped and produces a single egg.
The number of corrected statements is
1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6

Which of the following statements regarding gymnosperms are correct?
I. Ovules are naked - not enclosed by any ovary wall before fertilisation but seeds that develop after fertilisation are covered.
II. In all living Gymnosperms, sporophyte is dominant over the gametophyte.
III. They are heterosporous.
IV. The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent existence.
1. I, II and III
2. I, III and IV
3. II, III and IV
4. I, II, III and IV

Which of the following algae is likely to be found in the deepest waters?
(1) Green
(2) Brown
(3) Red
(4) All are found at equal depths

The gemmae produced by some liverworts function as:
1. A water gathering structure
2. A light capturing structure
3. A sexual structure
4. An asexual structure

The life cycle is not haplo-diplontic in:
1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Polysiphonia
4. Fucus

In mosses, the sex organs are seen in:
1. Protonema stage
2. Leafy stage
3. Capsule of the sporophyte
4. Seta of the sporophyte

Read the following five statements (I to V) and select the option with all correct statements.

1. I, III and IV
2. II, III and IV
3. I, IV and V
4. II, III and V

Life cycle of Ectocarpus and Fucus respectively are
(1) Haplontic, Diplontic
(2) Diplontic, Haplodiplontic
(3) Haplodiplontic, Diplontic
(4) Haplodiplontic, Haplontic

Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditions because of
(1) broad hardy leaves
(2) superficial stomata
(3) thick cuticle
(4) the presence of vessels

Male gametophyte with least number of cells is
(1) Pteris
(2) Funaria
(3) Lilium
(4) Pinus

Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found inside vegetative part of
(1) Pinus
(2) Cycas
(3) Equisetum
(4) Psilotum

Megasporangium is equivalent to
(1) embryo sac
(2) fruit
(3) nucellus
(4) ovule

Which one of the following is a correct statement?

Which one of the following is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses?
(1) Diplontic life cycle
(2) Members of kingdom-Plantae
(3) Mode of nutrition
(4) Multiplication by fragmentation

The gametophyte is not an independent, free living generation in
(1) Adiantum
(2) Marchantia
(3) Pinus
(4) Polytrichum

Male and female gametophytes are independent and free-living in
(1) mustard
(2) castor
(3) Pinus
(4) Sphagnum

Which one of the following is a vascular cryptogam?
(1) Equisetum
(2) Ginkgo
(3) Marchantia
(4) Cedrus

If you are asked to classify the various algae into distinct groups, which of the following characters you should choose?
(1) Types of pigments present in the cell
(2) Nature of stored food materials in the cell
(3) Structural organisation of thallus
(4) Chemical composition of the cell wall

Moss peat is used as a packing material for sending flowers and live plants to distant places because:
(1) it is easily available
(2) it is hygroscopic
(3) it reduces transpiration
(4) it serves as a disinfectant

Monoecious plant of Chara shows occurrence of
(1) antheridiophore and archegoniophore on the same plant
(2) stamen and carpel on the same plant
(3) upper antheirdium and lower oogonium on the same plant
(4) upper oogonium and lower antheridium on the same plant

Male gametes are flagellated in
1. Polysiphonia
2. Anabaena
3. Ectocarpus
4. Spirogyra

Chlorophyll present in red algae is

Megasporophyll of Cycas has the same nature as
(1) stamen
(2) petal
(3) sepal
(4) carpel

Mossess and ferns are found in moist and shady places because both
(1) require presence of water for fertilization
(2) do not need sunlight for photosynthesis
(3) depend for their nutrition on microorganisms which can survive only at low temperature
(4) cannot compete with sun-loving plants

Which of the following are homosporous pteridophytes?
I. Selaginella
II. Lycopodium
III. Salvinia
IV. Equisetum
(1) I and IV only
(2) II and III only
(3) II and IV only
(4) III and IV only

Classical Taxonomy is based on
(1) morphological traits
(2) habitat of organisms
(3) similarities and dissimilarities of behaviour
(4) phylogeny

Match the columns.

The earliest system of classification does not include which of the following features?

Why are reproductive characters given more weightage during advanced classification?

George Bentham and Joseph Hooker gave the classification based on

Phylogenetic classification systems based on

Which of the following is an example of anisogamous reproduction in Algae?

Chloroplasts can be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral or ribbon-shaped in different species. Such variety can be found in

Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of ….…. and outer layer of ………

Zoospore formed during asexual reproduction in chlorophyceae are

This picture is associated with an organism that belongs to a class. Which of the following features is not correct about that class?