Excretory products & elimination(21 Nov) - Live Session - NEET 2020Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718Excretory products & elimination(21 Nov) - Live Session - NEET 2020Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718During concentration of urine of the human kidneys. NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by the:
(1) Descending limb of the loop of Henle
(2) Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
(3) Descending limb of the vasa recta
(4) Ascending limb of the vasa recta
Blood doping means use of banned substances by athletes that have a favourable effect on erythrocyte count by stimulating the bone marrow. The source of such a hormone can be the human:
(1) Spleen
(2) Heart
(3) Kidney
(4) lungs
Juxta glomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the :
(1) DCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact
(2) DCT and the Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact
(3) PCT and Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact
(4) PCT and Efferent ateriole at the point of their contact
A person passes much urine and drinks much water but his blood glucose level is normal. This condition may be the result of:
(1) A reduction in insulin secretion from pancreas
(2) A reduction in vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary
(3) A fall in the glucose concentration in urine
(4) An increase in secretion of glucagon
Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to salt water balance inside the body of living organisms?
(1) When water is not available camels do not produce urine but store urea in tissues.
(2) Salmon fish excretes lot of stored salt through gill membrane when in fresh water.
(3) Paramecium discharges concentrated salt solution by contractile vacuoles.
(4) The body fluids of fresh water animals are generally hypotonic to surrounding water.
Which of the following process of urine formation takes place all along the renal tubule and collecting duct?
(1) Ultrafiltration and tubular reabsorption
(2) Ultrafiltration and tubular secretion
(3) Tubular reabsorption and secretion
(4) Anti-current mechanism and reabsorption
Which is the first step of urine formation?
(1) Ultrafiltration
(2)Tubular secretion
(3)Selective secretion
(4)Tubular reabsorption
Glucose and amino acids in the filtrate are reabsorbed by tubular epithelial cells through
(1) Active transport
(2) Passive transport
(3) Both (1)&(2)
(4) Osmosis
Which one of the following statement is incorrect?
(1) The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into calyces
(2) Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis
(3) Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule is called the renal corpuscle
(4) Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney
A fresh water fish maintains osmoregulation by
(1) Continuously taking in water and eliminating excess of salts
(2) Eliminating excess of water and taking up salts from the environment
(3) Taking both water and salt from the environment
(4) Eliminating both salt and water into the environment
The yellow colour of urine is due to
(1) Uric acid (2) Urea
(3) Urochrome (4) Melanin
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I Column II
(Function) (Part of Excretory system)
(a) Ultrafiltration (i) Henle'sloop
(b) Concentration of urine (ii)Ureter
(c) Transport of urine (iii) Urinary bladder
(d) Storage of urine (iv) Malpighian corpuscle
(v) Proximal convoluted tubule
(1) a(iv), b(v),c(ii),d(iii)
(2) a(iv), b(i),c(ii),d(iii)
(3) a(v), b(iv),c(i),d(iii)
(4) a(v), b(iv), c(i),d(ii)
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I Column II
(a) Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints
(b) Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts with in the kidney
(c) Renal calculi (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli
(d) Glomerular nephritis (iv) Presence of in glucose urine
(1) a(iii), b(ii),c(iv),d(i)
(2) a(i), b(ii),c(iii),d(iv)
(3) a(iv), b(i), c(ii), d(iii)
(4) a(ii), b(iii), c(i),d(iv)
A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of
(1) Renin (2) Atrial Natriuretic Factor
(3) Aldosterone (4) ADH
The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is
(1) Distal convoluted tubule
(2) Proximal convoluted tubule
(3) Bowman's capsule
(4) Descending limb of Henle's loop
Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in
(1) No urine formation
(2) More diluted urine
(3) More concentrated urine
(4) No change in quality and quantity of urine
Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?
(1) Increase in aldosterone levels
(2) Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
(3) Decrease in aldosterone levels
(4) Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels
Which one of the following options gives the correct categorisation of animals according to the type of nitrogenous wastes (A, B, C) they eliminate?
|
|
A (Ammonotelic) |
B (Ureotelic) |
C (Uricotelic) |
|
(1) |
Pigeon, Humans |
Aquatic Amphibia, Lizards |
Cockroach, Frog |
|
(2) |
Frog, Lizards |
Aquatic Amphibia, Humans |
Cockroach, Pigeon |
|
(3) |
Aquatic Amphibia |
Humans |
Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach |
|
(4) |
Aquatic Amphibia |
Cockroach, Humans |
Frog, Pigeon, Lizards |
A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates
(1) Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
(2) Juxtra glomerular cells to release renin
(3) Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
(4) Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?
(1) Loops of Henle (2)Peritubular capillaries
(3) Convoluted tubules (4) Collecting ducts
Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
(1) Afferent arteriole: carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.
(2) Podocytes: Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.
(3) Henle's loop: most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
(4) Distal convolutedtubule:reabsorptionofK+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries.
Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?
(1) During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed
(2) When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed
(3) Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
(4) An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of Angiotensin II
In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?
(1) Humans – Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands
(2) Earthworm – Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia
(3) Cockroach – Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
(4) Frog – Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium
What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?
(1) Micturition will continue
(2) Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
(3)There will be no micturition
(4) Urine will not collect in the bladder
Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by
(1) Macula densa cells
(2) Endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
(3) Liver cells
(4) Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is
(1) 20 mm Hg
(2) 75 mm Hg
(3) 30 mm Hg
(4) 50 mm Hg
If an osmoconformer animal is placed in sea water then
(1) It will develop ionocytes to actively absorb the salts from outside
(2) It will develop a thick body cover to prevent entry of excess of water
(3) It will start passing diluted urine
(4) It will change osmolarity of its body fluid
Uric acid is produced by metabolism of
(1) Adenine (2)Guanine
(3) Cytosine (4) Both (1) & (2)
Which out of the four parts mentioned below does not constitute a part of single uriniferoustubule?
(1) Distal convoluted tubule (2)Collecting duct
(3) Bowman’s capsule (4) Loop of Henle
Brush border surface is the distinct feature of which of the following part of nephron?
(1) PCT (2) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(3) DCT (4) Collecting duct
As the glomerular filtrate courses the tubules, its composition and osmotic concentration changes,due to tubular reabsorption. Which of the following is incorrect match regarding the segment of nephron and osmotic concentration of filtrate?
Segment of nephron Osmotic concentration of filtrate
(1) Proximal convoluted tubule Isotonic to blood plasma
(2) Descending limb of Henle’s loop Hypertonic
(3) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop Hypotonic
(4) Bowman’s capsule Hypotonic
Which of the following changes can occur in response to increased Angiotensin-II level?
(1) Increase in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
(2) Inhibition of aldosterone
(3) Decrease in the GFR
(4) Decrease in BCOP
A condition of failure-of kidney to form urine is called
(1) Anuria (2) Deamination
(3) Entropy (4) Uraemia
A: Atrial Natriuretic factor is released by wall of atria.
R : It inhibits the release of renin from Juxtaglomerular apparatus.
A : In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in ascending limb of loop of Henle,the urine is hypotonic.
R : Descending limb is impermeable to Na+, while ascending limb is impermeable to H2O.